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Jaboyedoff, Michel, Derron, Marc-Henri
Mémoires de la Société vaudoise des sciences naturelles, 2013, Vol.25, p.375
e-periodica (Swiss Electronic Academic Library Service (SEALS))
Titre: Excursion SVSN : dimanche 3 octobre 2010 : dangers naturels dans une commune de montagne, Ormont-Dessus Auteur:Jaboyedoff, Michel; Derron, Marc-Henri Sujet:Sciences (General) Fait partie de:
Mémoires de la Société vaudoise des sciences naturelles, 2013, Vol.25, p.375
Identifiant:
0037-9611 (ISSN); 10.5169/seals-389847 (DOI)
Titre: 3-D models and structural analysis of rock avalanches: the study of the deformation process to better understand the propagation mechanism Auteur:Longchamp, Céline; Abellan, Antonio; Jaboyedoff, Michel; Manzella, Irene Date:
2016
Description:
Rock avalanches are extremely destructive and uncontrollable events that involve a great volume of material (> 106 m3) and several complex processes, and they are difficult to witness. For this reason the study of these phenomena using analog modeling and the accurate analysis of deposit structures and features of laboratory data and historic events become of great importance in the understanding of their behavior. The main objective of this research is to analyze rock avalanche dynamics and deformation process by means of a detailed structural analysis of the deposits coming from data of 3-D measurements of mass movements of different magnitudes, from decimeter level scale laboratory experiments to well-studied rock avalanches of several square kilometers' magnitude. Laboratory experiments were performed on a tilting plane on which a certain amount of a well-defined granular material is released, propagates and finally stops on a horizontal surface. The 3-D geometrical model of the deposit is then obtained using either a scan made with a 3-D digitizer (Konica Minolta VIVID 9i) or a photogrammetric method called structure from motion (SfM), which requires taking several pictures from different point of view of the object to be modeled. In order to emphasize and better detect the fault structures present in the deposits, we applied a median filter with different moving window sizes (from 3 × 3 to 9 × 9 nearest neighbors) to the 3-D datasets and a gradient operator along the direction of propagation. The application of these filters on the datasets results in (1) a precise mapping of the longitudinal and transversal displacement features observed at the surface of the deposits and (2) a more accurate interpretation of the relative movements along the deposit (i.e., normal, strike-slip, inverse faults) by using cross sections. Results show how the use of filtering techniques reveals disguised features in the original point cloud and that similar displacement patterns are observable both in the laboratory simulation and in the real-scale avalanche, regardless the size of the avalanche. Furthermore, we observed how different structural features, including transversal fractures and folding patterns, tend to show a constant wavelength proportional to the size of the avalanche event.
Fait partie de:
Earth Surface Dynamics, 2016, 4, 3, 743-755
Titre: Spatial pattern of landslides in Swiss Rhone Valley Auteur:Tonini, Marj Contributeur:Pedrazzini, Andrea; Penna, Ivanna; Jaboyedoff, Michel Sujet:Ripley's K-function
- Landslides
- Cluster
- Spatial pattern
- Swiss Alps Description:
The present study analyses the spatial pattern of quaternary gravitational slope deformations (GSD) and historical/present-day instabilities (HPI) inventoried in the Swiss Rhone Valley. The main objective is to test if these events are clustered (spatial attraction) or randomly distributed (spatial independency). Moreover, analogies with the cluster behaviour of earthquakes inventoried in the same area were examined. The Ripley's K-function was applied to measure and test for randomness. This indicator allows describing the spatial pattern of a point process at increasing distance values. To account for the non-constant intensity of the geological phenomena, a modification of the K-function for inhomogeneous point processes was adopted. The specific goal is to explore the spatial attraction (i.e. cluster behaviour) among landslide events and between gravitational slope deformations and earthquakes. To discover if the two classes of instabilities (GSD and HPI) are spatially independently distributed, the cross K-function was computed. The results show that all the geological events under study are spatially clustered at a well-defined distance range. GSD and HPI show a similar pattern distribution with clusters in the range 0.75-9km. The cross K-function reveals an attraction between the two classes of instabilities in the range 0-4km confirming that HPI are more prone to occur within large-scale slope deformations. The K-function computed for GSD and earthquakes indicates that both present a cluster tendency in the range 0-10km, suggesting that earthquakes could represent a potential predisposing factor which could influence the GSD distribution.
Publication en relation:
Natural Hazards. - 2014/73/1/97-110
Document hôte:Natural Hazards Identifiant:
10.1007/s11069-012-0522-9 (DOI)
Mainsant, Guénolé, Larose, Éric, Brönnimann, Cornelia, Jongmans, Denis, Michoud, Clément, Jaboyedoff, Michel
Journal of Geophysical Research, 22 March 2012, Vol.117, p.12 PP.
[Revue évaluée par les pairs]
Hyper Article en Ligne (CCSd), Hyper Article en Ligne Open Access (CCSd)
Titre: Ambient seismic noise monitoring of a clay landslide: Toward failure prediction Auteur:Mainsant, Guénolé; Larose, Éric; Brönnimann, Cornelia; Jongmans, Denis; Michoud, Clément; Jaboyedoff, Michel Sujet:Sciences of the Universe ; Earth Sciences ; Meteorology & Climatology ; Astronomy & Astrophysics ; Biology ; Oceanography ; Geology ; Physics Description:
Given that clay-rich landslides may become mobilized, leading to rapid mass movements (earthflows and debris flows), they pose critical problems in risk management worldwide. The most widely proposed mechanism leading to such flow-like movements is the increase in water pore pressure in the sliding mass, generating partial or complete liquefaction. This solid-to-liquid transition results in a dramatic reduction of mechanical rigidity in the liquefied zones, which could be detected by monitoring shear wave velocity variations. With this purpose in mind, the ambient seismic noise correlation technique has been applied to measure the variation in the seismic surface wave velocity in the Pont Bourquin landslide (Swiss Alps). This small but active composite earthslide-earthflow was equipped with continuously recording seismic sensors during spring and summer 2010. An earthslide of a few thousand cubic meters was triggered in mid-August 2010, after a rainy period. This article shows...
Fait partie de:
Journal of Geophysical Research, 22 March 2012, Vol.117, p.12 PP.
Identifiant:
0148-0227 (ISSN); 2156-2202 (E-ISSN); 10.1029/2011JF002159 (DOI)
Titre: Use of LIDAR in landslide investigations: a review Auteur:Jaboyedoff, Michel Contributeur:Oppikofer, Thierry; Abellán, Antonio; Derron, Marc-Henri; Loye, Alex; Metzger, Richard; Pedrazzini, Andrea Sujet:Landslide
- LIDAR
- Laser scanner
- High-resolution DEM
- Topography analysis
- Structural analysis Description:
This paper presents a short history of the appraisal of laser scanner technologies in geosciences used for imaging relief by high-resolution digital elevation models (HRDEMs) or 3D models. A general overview of light detection and ranging (LIDAR) techniques applied to landslides is given, followed by a review of different applications of LIDAR for landslide, rockfall and debris-flow. These applications are classified as: (1) Detection and characterization of mass movements; (2) Hazard assessment and susceptibility mapping; (3) Modelling; (4) Monitoring. This review emphasizes how LIDAR-derived HRDEMs can be used to investigate any type of landslides. It is clear that such HRDEMs are not yet a common tool for landslides investigations, but this technique has opened new domains of applications that still have to be developed
Publication en relation:
Natural Hazards. - 2012/61/1/5-28
Document hôte:Natural Hazards Identifiant:
10.1007/s11069-010-9634-2 (DOI)
Titre: Machine Learning Feature Selection Methods for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Auteur:Micheletti, Natan Contributeur:Foresti, Loris; Robert, Sylvain; Leuenberger, Michael; Pedrazzini, Andrea; Jaboyedoff, Michel; Kanevski, Mikhail Sujet:Landslide susceptibility mapping
- Support vector machines (SVM)
- Adaptive scaling SVM
- Random forests
- AdaBoost
- Multiscale terrain features
- Object-based validation Description:
This paper explores the use of adaptive support vector machines, random forests and AdaBoost for landslide susceptibility mapping in three separated regions of Canton Vaud, Switzerland, based on a set of geological, hydrological and morphological features. The feature selection properties of the three algorithms are studied to analyze the relevance of features in controlling the spatial distribution of landslides. The elimination of irrelevant features gives simpler, lower dimensional models while keeping the classification performance high. An object-based sampling procedure is considered to reduce the spatial autocorrelation of data and to estimate more reliably generalization skills when applying the model to predict the occurrence of new unknown landslides. The accuracy of the models, the relevance of features and the quality of landslide susceptibility maps were found to be high in the regions characterized by shallow landslides and low in the ones with deep-seated landslides. Despite providing similar skill, random forests and AdaBoost were found to be more efficient in performing feature selection than adaptive support vector machines. The results of this study reveal the strengths of the classification algorithms, but evidence: (1) the need for relying on more than one method for the identification of relevant variables; (2) the weakness of the adaptive scaling algorithm when used with landslide data; and (3) the lack of additional features which characterize the spatial distribution of deep-seated landslides.
Publication en relation:
Mathematical Geosciences. - 2014/46/1/33-57
Document hôte:Mathematical Geosciences Identifiant:
10.1007/s11004-013-9511-0 (DOI)
Horton, Pascal, Jaboyedoff, Michel, Metzger, Richard
Mémoires de la Société vaudoise des sciences naturelles, 2013, Vol.25, p.11
e-periodica (Swiss Electronic Academic Library Service (SEALS))
Titre: Mise en évidence de relations spatiales entre la circuletion atmosphérique générale et les précipitations mesurées dans le bassin alpin du rhône, à l'aide de la méthode des analogues Auteur:Horton, Pascal; Jaboyedoff, Michel; Metzger, Richard Sujet:Sciences (General) Fait partie de:
Mémoires de la Société vaudoise des sciences naturelles, 2013, Vol.25, p.11
Identifiant:
0037-9611 (ISSN); 10.5169/seals-389817 (DOI)
Chantry, Renaud, Pedrazzini, Andrea, Jaboyedoff, Michel
Mémoires de la Société vaudoise des sciences naturelles, 2013, Vol.25, p.243
e-periodica (Swiss Electronic Academic Library Service (SEALS))
Titre: Caractérisation, suivi et assainissements des instabilités roucheuses à la carrière d'Arvel Auteur:Chantry, Renaud; Pedrazzini, Andrea; Jaboyedoff, Michel Sujet:Sciences (General) Fait partie de:
Mémoires de la Société vaudoise des sciences naturelles, 2013, Vol.25, p.243
Identifiant:
0037-9611 (ISSN); 10.5169/seals-389836 (DOI)
Titre: Characterisation and spatial distribution of gravitational slope deformation in the Upper Rhone catchment (Western Swiss Alps) Auteur:Pedrazzini, Andrea; Humair, Florian; Jaboyedoff, Michel; Tonini, Marj Sujet:Swiss Alps ; Slope deformation ; Inventory ; Spatial Cluster distribution ; Predisposing factors Description:
The influence of gravitational slope deformation (GSD) on erosion rates and the shape of mountain belts has been identified worldwide, particularly in valleys affected by glacial retreat. However, due to a lack of understanding about the main predisposing factors influencing their spatial distribution, size and failure mechanisms, the effective impact of GSD on the evolution of the landscape remains difficult to quantify. This study presents the first detailed, regional-scale GSD inventory of the entire Upper Rhone catchment (western Switzerland). The detection and mapping of GSD are performed by combining different remote sensing approaches. Moreover, we propose a detailed characterisation of GSD, taking into account geometry, morphology and failure mechanisms. Based on these analyses, more than 300 GSD are identified, corresponding to 11 % of the entire study area. Spatial and statistical analyses indicate that GSD are not uniformly distributed across the study area: six GSD clusters are highlighted, containing more than 80 % of the GSD events detected. Our observations suggest that the distribution of GSDs is primarily related to coexisting active tectonic processes (including high uplift gradients and earthquake activity) and pre-existing regional-scale, tectonic weakness zones. The region’s lithological and structural conditions, on the other hand, appear largely to influence the failure mechanisms and the sizes of the GSD detected.
Fait partie de:
Landslides, 2016, Vol.13(2), pp.259-277
Identifiant:
1612-510X (ISSN); 1612-5118 (E-ISSN); 10.1007/s10346-015-0562-9 (DOI)